Abstract
The
consumption of contaminated finfish from the polluted river channel of
Turag-Tongi-Balu, Kamarpara site, Dhaka poses significant health hazards to
humans. We used mass spectrometry on chemically digested liquid samples from
five fish species from Turag-Tongi-Balu to estimate the concentrations of 10
elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Fe, and Pb). Except M.
vittatus, the mean concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, and Se exceeded the Food
Safety Guideline (FSG) value in all fish species. Among the species
studied, L. rohita, C. punctata, C. batrachus, H.
fossilis, and M. vittatus exhibited higher Mn
concentrations surpassing the FSG threshold, thus elevating the
non-carcinogenic risk across all species. There were statistically significant
differences (p < .05) in the mean concentrations of heavy metals
among fish species. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) value of Mn poses a
significant non-carcinogenic risk to human health, while the hazard of other
metals is negligible. Except for M. vittus, the Hazard Index value
(HI ≥ 1) revealed the risk that all metals exceed the limit and pose a threat
to human health. Cd, As, and Ni metals pose a significant carcinogenic risk to
human health from the consumption of fish samples, which is a particularly
alarming target cancer risk (TCR). In conclusion, regular dietary consumption
of fish from this polluted ecosystem of the Turag-Tongi-Balu River channel's
Kamarpara site poses a significant health risk and is indicated as cancer. This
study emphasizes the significance of monitoring heavy metal contamination in
finfish and minimizing the risk to human health with effective measures.
Abstract
The content of heavy metals in the food chain
has grown due to human activities and rapid industrial growth. The accumulation
of heavy metals in P. betel leaves and the
related threat to human health were analyzed by using the AAS that was
collected from eleven locations inside the city of Dhaka. High MDA contents
indicated contamination in P. betel samples and can
regulate biochemical activity by different potential toxic elements (PTEs). The P.
betel samples revealed the highest mean concentrations of As
(2.09 mg/kg), Pb (0.06 mg/kg), Mn (218 mg/kg), Ni (1.55 mg/kg), Cu (10 mg/kg), Zn (2.6 mg/kg), Cr (5.1 mg/kg), and Cd (0.003 mg/kg) and certain metal
exceed the guideline value. Mn, Cr, and As mean values at the research sites
are higher than the permitted concentration range. Among all metals, Mn was the
most accumulated metal in leaves and enhanced hazard index (HI) and
non-carcinogenic risk for children. Individual metal THQ values were all less
than 1 (except Mn), indicating that consuming only one metal from betel samples
would not pose a serious risk to one's health. However, HI value (> 1)
indicates a possible non-carcinogenic health risk to urban city people,
especially in children. The assessment revealed that the allowable range of Cr
and As content in betel leaves may enhance the carcinogenic risk (CR). Among
heavy metals, the CR value of Cr indicated an enhanced cancer risk in children
at L3, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10, and L11 sites. This study shows from a health
perspective that people who eat contaminated betel leaves are continuously
exposed to metal pollution, which can have both carcinogenic and
noncarcinogenic effects.
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