It seems Mother Nature still has a few secrets up her sleeve.
In a study published in PLOS ONE this week, researchers announced the discovery of a new species of river dolphin in Brazil. The marine mammal is the first river dolphin to be described since 1918, the authors noted in the research.
Discovered in the Araguaia River basin, Inia araguaiaensis is
believed to have diverged from river dolphins in the Amazon more than 2
million years ago due to a shift in the landscape. Unlike other river
dolphins in Brazil, the newly discovered species has only 24 teeth per
jaw, instead of the typical 25 to 29.
"It was something that was very unexpected,
it is an area where people see them all the time, they are a large
mammal, the thing is nobody really looked. It is very exciting," lead
author Dr. Tomas Hrbek of the Federal University of Amazonas said,
according to BBC News.
However, despite the excitement behind the new discovery, it seems the river dolphins are already under threat of extinction.
"Its future is pretty bleak," Hrbek told the New Scientist. "The
Araguaia-Tocantins basin suffers huge human disturbance and there are
probably less than 1,000 I. araguaiaensis in existence."
Because of the small number remaining, the team is urging the
International Union for Conservation of Nature to classify the species
as vulnerable.
River dolphins are relatively rare. Of the four river dolphin species currently recognized, three are classified from vulnerable to critically endangered by IUCN. (There is not enough data to classify the fourth.)
The World Wildlife Fund attributes the decline in dolphin populations
over the last several decades to human interference in their habitats,
such as dam-building and fishing nets. The Yangtze River dolphin, or
baiji, is believed to have gone extinct between 2004 and 2006, making it
the first dolphin humans drove to extinction, LiveScience notes.
